Red tassel for Horses

I was wondering how a certain part of horse decoration was called. I see this often in pictures, but also on figurines. A red tassel hanging in front of the horse’s chest, like this:

g00006166

任贤佐·《三骏图卷》 元 绢本 设色 纵32.2cm 横188.7cm
本幅作者自识:“至正壬午(1342年)季秋叔九峰道人作此图拜进。”引首明陈淳题“三骏图”3大字,前隔水有明董其昌题,拖尾有元代7人伪题,共钤印23方。
按作者题款中的“叔”字系指行第3,“九峰道人”是地名为号,“九峰”今位于上海松江境内。此图画风属任仁发一路,故该作者无疑是任仁发的第3子任贤佐,贤佐极可能绘此图于台州任上。当年7月,法国教廷曾向元廷进贡异马,引起朝野轰动,任贤佐藉马年作马图进呈亦在情理之中。全卷画6人3骏,横向作一字排列,6人分别作执旗、举剑、控马状,旗上绣有“进贡”2字,描绘了异域民族向元朝廷敬献名马的队列,系职贡类题材。

Found some picture here.

mǎ tíxiōng 马提胸
mǎ tíxiōng 马提胸

马提胸 清乾隆 高10cm
掐丝珐琅为之,呈圆锥形,下连红棕。提胸是马具鞦辔的一部分,悬垂于马的胸部,当骑手纵马飞奔时,红色的提胸上下跳跃,象两簇红色的火焰,十分醒目。

 

 

ferrt

(1)络头 (2)衔、镳 (3)缰  (4)胸带(攀胸) (5)马镫 (6)马鞍

(7)障泥   (8)  蹀躞带  (9)鞧带

https://www.hnmuseum.com/hnmuseum/whatson/Cathay/treasure3_p1.html

 

feerdhttps://www.hnmuseum.com/hnmuseum/whatson/Cathay/treasure3_p3.html

Compare

Kazachstan (Exhibition: Nomads and Networks)
Kazachstan (Exhibition: Nomads and Networks)

Es gibt mehrere rote Bommeln. Sehr schön zu sehen auf dem nächsten Bild: Nämlich ein Teil von 马项饰 (Bruststück), und ein Teil von 衔镳 (xianbiao, horsebit) herabhängend

»ù±¾ RGB
https://old.shanximuseum.com/linshizhanlan/cyhz/QIDANMAJU.htm

ferdt

Die eigentliche Bommel hieße dann 缨络 yinglao [缨穗 yingsui] laut Bingmayong

 

Bronzen

smirnov53 a_gilt-bronze_leaf-shaped_horse_trapping_xingye_tang_liao_dynasty_10th_d5348276h

Real-Beispiel

Kurdish Stallion (Aslon, Iran)
Kurdish Stallion (Aslon, Iran)

Glossary from collected for my BA thesis (never published just for me to study)

  • 明器 oder 冥器, auch 盟器 mingqi spirit object/ funerary object, Totengabe, Grabbeigabe
    • Weitere chinesische Bezeichnungen sind suízàngpǐn 随葬品 oder suízàngwù 随葬物
  • …俑 …yong –figur (Grabbeigabe)
    • 鞍馬 anma yong gesatteltes Pferd/ Kavalleriepferd
    • 車馬 chema yong Streitwagenferd (chariot horse)
    • 馬俑 mayong Pferdefigur (Grabbeigabe)
  • 造型 zaoxing Model, Figur
  • 雕塑家 diaosu jia Skulpteur
  • 祭祀 jisi Opfergabe
  • 发掘 fayue ausgraben
  • 鎧甲禦手俑 kaijiayushou yong Streitwagenführer (charioteer)
  • 墓主所有 muzhu suoyou Besitz einer bestatteten Person
  • 騎傭 qiyong reitender Diener
  • 牽馬俑 qianmayong Pferdeknecht?
  • 陶馬 taoma Tonpferd
  • 載人馬 zairen ma berittenes Pferd
  • 天馬Tianma heavenly horse
  • 大宛馬dàyuānmǎ Pferde von den Dayuan (Ferghana)
  • 西極馬Xījí-mǎ western-end-horses/ horses of the western extremity = Wusun Pferde
  • 汗血宝马 hanxuebaoma blood sweating/Ferghana horse
  • 汗血馬 hanxuema blood sweating horses
  • 匈奴 xiongnu/ Hsuing-nu Reiternomaden (Volk)
  • 蔌龍 sulong vegetarian Dragon= Horse ????
  • 击鞠 jiju, alter Begriff für 马球 maqiu, Polospiel
  • 马具 maju equestrian gear
  • 骏马 junma edles Ross
  • 马饰 mashi equestrian ornament
  • 良马 liang ma gutes pferd
  • 鮮卑 Xiānbēi Volk
  • 匈奴Xiongnu Volk
  • 相马经 xiangma jing „The Classic of Horse physiognomy“
  • 誕馬 danma ungesatteltes Pferd
  • Horse figure
    • 杏葉  Xingye Apricot Leaf Decoration
    • 三化 sanhua three tufts/crenels (mane decoration)
    • 当卢 danglu : frontlet, brow ornament. (auch : 马扬mayang(锡 xi)???)
    • 络头luotou : headstall, bridle
      • xian : bit,
        • Zhuangzi: 橛 jue : bit (modern: peg)
        • Zhou bronze : ?勒youle : „that which is reined in“
          • 缰绳 jiangsheng rein (horse) modern word
          • Han : 镝 di : arrowhead
          • biao : cheek-bar
    • Xiangdai : neck-strap
    • Edai : brow-strap
    • Bidai : nose-band
    • Yandai : throat-latch
    • Jiadai : cheek-strap
    • 攀胸 panxiong : breast strap
    • 杏叶 xingye : apriocot leaf / peach leaf
    • cun : saddle pad
    • 三花 sanhua : crenelated mane, three hair tufts
    • (马)鞍 (ma) an : saddle
    • 火珠 huozhu : fire pearl
    • qiu : crupper/ breechstrap
    • 鞍颥 an ?  oder鍐 cong? Oder瓖 xiang? [马鞍具 ma’an ju] : saddle ornament飾 shi (Zhuangzi)
    • 鞍被 anbei [Wenwu 1981: anru] : new term for皴cun : saddle cover
    • 障泥 zhang ni : mud screen, mud guard
    • deng [Wenwu 1981: fu] : girth/ stirrup

Postcard to my auntie

I was in a book store and found this lovely postcard. I thought I’d sent it to my equally cat-crazy aunt to say hi.

p450-shotei-white-cat-7028

Artist: TAKAHASHI Shōtei (Hiroaki) 高橋 松亭 (弘明), 1871-1945 (other names are: Kakei, Komei, and Rakutei. )
Format: ōban 大判, 37/38 cm × 25,5 cm
Publisher: Watanabe 渡辺.

Detail of the caption and seals

The publisher’s seal is not shown on most scans of the print found online, and also not on my postcard, it reads „Watanabe“ in Katakana: ワタナベ. It was used in 6mm from 1918-1924, 1945-1957, and in slightly larger form (7mm), posthumous from 1957 onwards.

ワタナベ
Siegelstempel des Verlegers Watanabe Shōzaburō (渡辺庄三郎, 1885-1962)
Siegelstempel des Verlegers
Siegelstempel des Verlegers
Shotei_Takahashi-No_Series-Tama-00034526-040814-S00
Detail „Tama“

Below the elegant white caption is the seal of the Artist, reading „Shōtei 松亭“ in seal script right to left. List of seals attributed to Shōtei can be found here and here.

Shōtei
Shōtei

The particular one used here is in a triangular shape. Possibly a hand guard for katana swords- the tsuba (鍔 or 鐔), indicated by the curious elongated hole between the charcters 亭 and 松. I’ve never seen a tsuba in such a shape, though. The shape also reminds me of the character for mountain, 山.

My colleague Olaf Schneemann pointed out a tsuba in such curious shape does, in fact, exsist, as the following one. Published in: Gillot, Charles: Objets d’art et peintures d’Extrême-Orient, Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris: 1904, p. 203, description p. 207, read online

p. 203: No. 1529 "Garde, fer et bronze, Forme bursaire, avec incrustation d'or et de chibuitchi. Elle figure Dharma accroupi. Par Hamano"
p. 203: No. 1529
„Garde, fer et bronze, Forme bursaire, avec incrustation d’or et de chibuitchi. Elle figure Dharma accroupi. Par Hamano“

There are also two additional seals, one being the publisher’s seal in Latin/English „Printed by S.Watanabe, Tokio“. The other one gives information about the publisher/ copyright.
Additional seal on the left reads:
版権所有 渡辺庄三郎 Copyright by Watanabe Shōzaburō.

Additional seals
Additional seals& caption

The main caption in white reads:
大正十三年六月 Year: Taishō 13, 6th month. (means: in 1924, 6th month of lunar calendar)
三自 ? ? ?
The second row is too hard to read, maybe because of the scans, or the print edition. I’m clueless what it says at the moment.

Collar

Shōtei’s cat is wearing a ruffled red collar with a white small circle pattern. The cloth pattern is reminiscient of fawn spots (kanoko 鹿子). This design could be archieved in different ways. One would be kinds of resist dying, either with rice paste (tsutsugaki 筒描), or wax resist (rōketsuzome ろうけつ染め). Second option would be the much more difficult japanese tie-dye batik technique, kanoko shibori 鹿子絞り. The kanoko pattern is arranged in big circles, giving the collar a folkloristic touch.

Kanoko shibori 鹿子絞り
Kanoko shibori 鹿子絞り
この手作ちりめん鹿子絞り首
hand-made crepe Kanoko Shibori cat collar この手作ちりめん鹿子絞り首

Compare fe. the cat pictures of both famous Edo-masters and cat-lovers Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798-1861) or Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858).

Utagawa Kuniyoshi 歌川 国芳 "Four cats in different poses"
Utagawa Kuniyoshi 歌川 国芳 „Four cats in different poses“

The ukiyo-e by Utwagaw Kuniyoshi „Four cats in different poses“ also shows a meatloaf cat in the upper right corner. Note this one has her eyes closed, and is wearing a red simple tie collar, also showing the kanoko shiburi pattern.

Collaring pets with such a red collar was popular in Edo period. The Shōtei cat wears not such a simple tie collar as the ones shown above, but instead a ruffled red collar. These frilly red collars were also popular decorations for stone lion dogs (foo dogs, komainu 狛犬), and small pet dogs.

Ohara Koson, ca. 1930s, Pekingese Dog and Bush Warbler.
Ohara Koson, ca. 1930s, Pekingese Dog and Bush Warbler.

Those remind me of tibetan kekhor collars, made from dyed yak hair to decorate prized dogs.

Tibetan mastiff wearing Kekhor
Tibetan mastiff wearing Kekhor

The kekhor might or might not be related to the frilly ruffled collar for pets, maybe through a misinterpretation of the painter/maker. I’m still not sure about that. Either way, the Shōtei cat wears some rather unusual collar type for a cat, whereas the red kanoko shiburi pattern was very popular and common.

p450-shotei-white-cat-7028

Comments on Iconography and Cat Physiognomy

The cat’s name is sometimes given as „Tama“ but honestly I don’t know where that comes from. It is a portrait of a japanese bobtail cat (ボブテイル), also known as Kazoku-neko 家族猫 („Family cat“). Those cats are not crippled but rather bred with the iconic short tail since Edo period (1603–1867). White coat fur is very popular, often calico, too.
The cat shown is mainly white with a red mask, red tail, and yellow eyes. The position she sits in is sometimes called „meatloaf“ or „catloaf“. It is a position a cat takes when being content and relaxed in her surroundings, as the position is not enforcing suddenly getting up or clawing at things. The „meatloaf“ is also great for keeping warm by tucking in extremities. None of her paws is visible. Usually, cats in the „meatloaf“ soon close their eyes (full or half), in a sleepy, relaxed way. The portayed cat on the other hand, looks curiously and friendly with a slightly bowed head at the viewer. This is indicated by the shadows on her heyes, her small pupils, and ears pointing like a radar in different directions. The asymmetrical ear position is cat body language for playfulness, but also curiosity- she seems to be reacting to some sudden sound. One could even go as far to say that she also seems to be smiling in a cartoonish way, as it is often common with the distinct shape of cat’s cheeks, giving the mouth an upward curve.

Example for catloaf
Example for catloaf

image

image

As the background is solid black, she is floating without an horizon. I’d imagine the horizon just below her neckline as indicated by lightning and small shadows on her fur. The viewer would be crouching with her this way, maybe sitting together on the floor and calling her name or whistling to attract her attention. With the slight bow of the head, her relaxed body language, and the imagined „smile“, she seems to be responding to a friendly greeting as in human interaction, making acquaintances.

New life

I studied 16 semester in my BA programme.
Tomorrow, my (second) first MA programme will be about to start. My first-first MA was hum, I think about 3 years ago. I cancelled the attempt after about a year due to personal difficulties, and thought I should finish my BA dutifully before, and well. Now I’m standing here. I still did not finish my BA as of today. Still 5 responses and 10 pages of a paper due… haha. Crazy academic world 🙂

Anyway. I wanted to write about my MA. I’m not very satisfied with my schedule. The MA curriculum is pretty crowded. I choose 35 ECTP, 1 lecture, 3 seminars. Equals 3 papers.

BA thesis was 30pages. Mine was- including the appendix- around 60 pages.
MA thesis will be around 70-80 pages (whoo, I guess I’ll hit the +100 pages sweet spot in total then?!)
MA paper: will be ~15-20 pages. (BA is 10-15 pages)

So that means this semester I might have to write around 60 pages. And every following semester (4 semester= 120 ECTP). So one BA thesis per semester. Wow.

I am also very sad that I won’t be able to attend excursions due to lack of time and money. I also won’t be able to just sit in lectures and enjoy them for no perticular reason. My schedule is indeed very tight:
Monday: 12- 14 seminar, break, 16- 18 seminar
Tuesday: 12- 14 seminar, 16-18 seminar. Inbetween: work (hopefully I’ll make around €50 each week)?
Wednesday: work (maybe €20 each week), home office (writing papers, library, etc)
Thursday: 12- 16 seminar, work (maybe €10 each week)
Friday: 12-14 seminar, home office (writing papers, library, etc)

That means through work I will be able to get around €80 a week, so that’ll be €320 per month. After rent (€200) and insurance (€120), I’m left with the pocket money my dad generously gives me to support myself: with this, I’ll also have to pay the ~€300 tutition fee each semester (about €100 per month). The MA will cost me about ~€5200 (insurance+tutition fee), excluding rent. Using this calculation, I need €420 per month (insurance+tutition fee+rent), excluding food and other expenses like photocopying/buying books, etc. There will be no space for saving up money, except when I’d be working during vacations/ weekends/ nightshifts.

If I keep this schedule, I’ll might make it through MA in 4 semesters and graduate in 2016, aged 29. My goal is to start my PhD before I turn 30- so if the pace is too fast, I can give myself 2 extra semesters.

Growing up sucks 🙁 I understand what they meant by that now… aged 27…

I’m glad I took my time for BA, and volunteered for so much, participated in many happy excursions and took only the courses I wanted to. I won’t be able to live that happy, sorrow-free student life anymore, ever. That makes me very sad. How can other students rush through BA? MA courses are boring and dull, and you won’t be able to participate in excursions anymore. PhD time might be different again, hopefully…

Yellow Fever

Heute auf dem Nachhauseweg kam ich am OAS vorbei. An mir lief ein Paar vorbei: er offenbar Deutscher, sie Chinesin. Sie sprach mit ihm auf Mandarin.
Plötzlich war ich total sauer. Wieso? Weil es in meinem Chinesischkurs genau eine Art von Überflieger gab: die Jungs mit Yellow Fever, dh. einer sexuellen Vorliebe für Asiatinnen. Die suchten sich in windeseile Freundinnen oder starteten schon mit derselben. Manchmal taten es auch nur Geliebte, bzw. „Zweckbeziehungen“ oder „Tandem with Benefits“. Händchenhaltend schlenderten sie dann über den Campus und quasselten ohne Unterlass süße Nichtigkeiten.
Einerseits verletzt das meine feministische Seele. Wieso lassen sich diese Mädels so als Fetischobjekt ausnützen? Auf der anderen Seite blanker Neid- die Jungs sprachen bald ohne die Scham, die mein ständiger Begleiter war. Sie konnten sich leichter Wörter merken, plapperten in einem fort, und überhaupt war der ganze Kurs „Flirttechniken lernen für Fortgeschrittene“ für sie. Was mögen „die Chinesinnen“ so? Wie stelle ich mich auf Chinesisch vor? All das erschloss sich mir nicht recht zu lernen. Die Jungs hingegen hatten ein grosses Interesse daran, schnell und flüssig Konversation zu üben. Klar, die private Nachhilfelehrerin forderte Erfolge ein!
Sie waren auch Klischees gegenüber aufgeschlossener, wo ich mich zunächst instinktiv sperrte. Und seien wir ehrlich: plumpe Gedanken lassen sich in plumpe Sätze fassen- und die gehen nunmal auf jeder Sprache leichter von den Lippen. Ohne komplizierte Konstruktionen, vielschichtige Gedanken, abwägende Argumente und sprachliche Arabesken redet es sich nunmal leichter.

Nun, ich war entweder vergeben, und zur restlichen Zeit einfach nicht speziell an asiatischen Röcken (bzw. Hosen) interessiert. Also hatte ich nie die Chance auf eine solche „private Nachhilfe“. Das ärgert mich im Nachhinein. Irgendwie wurde ich halt nie in meine chinesischen Freundeskreise so integriert, dass ich daraus sprachliche Vorteile gezogen hätte. Mit einer festen Freundin, einem festen Freund sähe das sicher anders aus. Zumal es unter den meisten „erfolgreichen“ WissenschaftlerInnen der ostasiatischen Disziplinen Mischehen gibt. Sicher spielt auch dort das Yellow Fever eine Rolle, vielleicht auch Berechnung der Karriere, vielleicht purer Zufall. So oder so haben Partner mit einem Muttersprachler an ihrer Seite einen Vorteil, der mir verschlossen bleibt.

Practising Korean

Sentence: „Hello, I’m from Germany, I’m Sonia.“

FORMAL (Formal polite)
안녕하십니까? 독일에서 왔습니다, 저는Sonia입니다.
an-nyeong-ha-sib-ni-kka? dog-il e-seo was-sseub-ni-da, jeo-neun Sonia ib-ni-da.

FRIENDLY (Informal polite)
안녕하세요? 독일에서 왔어요, 저는Sonia해요.
an-nyeong-ha-se-yo? dog-il es-eo wass-eo-yo, jeo-neun Sonia hae-yo.

CASUAL (Informal non polite)
안녕? 독일에서 왔어, 나는Sonia이야.
an-nyeong? dog-il e-seo watsseo, na-neun Sonia i-ya.

VOCAB
안녕하십니까 an-nyeong-ha-sib-ni-kka (Formal polite)
안녕하세요 an-nyeong-ha-se-yo (Informal polite)
안녕 an-nyeong (Informal non polite) : Hello
Hanja/ Etymology: 安寧하다, 안녕하다 annyeonghada, “to be peaceful, well” (安寧 ānníng)

독일 dog-il : Germany

에서 e-seo : from

왔습니다 was-sseub-ni-da (Formal polite)
왔어요 wat-sseoyo (Informal polite)
왔어 watsseo (Informal non polite) : indicative past form of verb (오다 oda, to come)

저는 jeo-neun (Formal polite & Informal polite)
나는 na-neun (Informal non polite) : I, Me

입니다 ib-ni-da (Formal polite)
해요 hae-yo (Informal polite)
이야 i-ya (Informal non polite) : to be

Meer/ Salzwasser, Sonne und die lieben Haare

Ich bin vor kurzem von 12 Tagen Entspannungsurlaub auf Kreta Κρήτη, Griechenland zurückgekehrt. Wir waren im Süden der Insel, genauer in Pitsidia Πιτσίδια. Fast täglich haben wir kurze Ausflüge in die Umgebung unternommen, sind viel umhergewandert und ich bin auch oft ins Meer gesprungen.

Haartechnisch habe ich mir vorgenommen, meinem Credo „so wenig wie möglich, so viel wie nötig“ zu folgen. Im Vorlauf habe ich Seife leider ausschließen müssen. Denn: was macht Langhaar als Erstes, wenn es bald in den Urlaub geht? Richtig, Wasserhärte recherchieren. :kicher: tumblr_inline_mgpj60DEcs1qdlkyg.gif

Hier eine gute Tabelle zu den Wasserhärten allgemein. In meinem Urlaubsort beträgt sie 36 Grad dH, also hart. Zum Vergleich: mein Wohnort liegt bei 14 bis 20 Grad dH, mittelhart. Der Urlaubsort ist aber gut die doppelte Härte wie mein Wohnort. Da ich Zuhause schon „zu oft“ Probleme mit Kalkseife habe, hatte ich keine Lust, auch im Urlaub mehrfach zu Rinsen. Deshalb hat Faulheit gesiegt und in meinen Koffer kamen nur

  • LAVERA Mandel + Hammamelis Sensitiv Shampoo
  • BWS
  • Holzkamm
  • Niffi’s Lila, für den Körper. Den Rest habe ich dann an der Gastgeberin dagelassen *alle mit Seifenwäsche anfix* Muahahaha…

Eulen nach Athen repektive (Oliven)öl nach Kreta mitnehmen brauchte ich wirklich nicht. Ich habe mir dort für weniger als 2€ eine billige Plastikschüssel gekauft und mit Leitungswasser sowie dem Shampoo gewaschen. Anschließend gut Öl eingeknetet und BWS in die Spitzen- fertig!

Im Forum gibt es schon diverse Threads zu Meer/ Salzwasser:

Frisch nach dem Meer, luftgetrocknet — Ölkur und Sonne

MA4ajwB.jpg?1LuFzgah.jpg?1

Spannend fand ich, dass meine Haare von Salzwasser richtig wellig wurden. Vorn in den Stufen haben sie sich teilweise fast gekringelt! Mein Freund fand das schön.

Nicht nur Öl, sondern auch Seife wird auf Kreta hergestellt. Ein großes Seifenzentrum im Süden liegt in den Bergen, in Spili Σπήλι. Natürlich mussten wir hin! Ich habe mich für knapp €8 mit Seife eingedeckt, das waren 5 Stück. Natürlich können die nicht alle für mich sein…! Oder? :^o :pfeif:

Besonders toll fand ich eine Oliven-Schwefelseife… die ÜF weiß ich leider nicht, weil unsere Begleitung das auch nicht auf Griechisch wusste und das Englisch auch nicht ausreichte. Ich habs sie mal auf gut Glück mitgenommen. Und Schwefelseife kriegt man auch nicht alle Tage, oder? Soll ja besonders toll sein für die Haut, dann kann’s den Haaren nicht schaden.

d3AOC6r.jpg

Meine gesamte Ausbeute (ähm, drapiert mit Steinen aus dem Agios Pavlos Άγιος Παύλος) – abgebildet sind 4 Stücken Seife:

DTyuZIj.jpg?1

obere Reihe (auf dem Teller):

  • Olive-Schwefel (2x gekauft)
  • Honig-Milch-Mandelöl (Süß)
  • Olive-Grüne Meeresalgen
  • unten liegend, rötlicher Klops: Vanille-Milch-Glycerinseife. (Extrem Süß) Die ist vielleicht noch nicht ganz ausgehärtet? jedenfalls ist die „wabbelig“. Und sie riecht am intensivsten! Gratis-Raumbedufting dazu…

Mein Partner hat die beiden süß riechenden Seifen ausgesucht, ich den Rest. Habe mir auch heute schon mit der Schwefelseife die Haare gewaschen! Bin auf das Ergebnis morgen gespannt. Es riecht jedenfalls schon sehr nach Schwefel. Naja, passend zu den verschiedenen Events zu Pfingsten, wa! Hust hust…

Zu Vergleichszwecken habe ich Fotos noch Fotos vorm und nach dem Urlaub anzubieten…

VORHER (08.04.14)

A7oPLgu.jpg?1g9qWrSD.jpg?195Nfnyr.jpg?1

NACHHER (01.06.14)

VlkT5eq.jpg

Nagut, nicht richtig vergleichbar, einmal drapiert und einmal nicht so wirklich. Ich finde meine Enden werden aber immer mehr Fairy Tale-ig. Mal sehen, ob ich das mag…

„Life is suffering“

I got a request from an acquaintance, she asked me to translate the sentence „life is suffering“ into Chinese for her. Obviously, this is related to Buddhist canon. What I found:

Chinese

一切皆苦 yīqiè jiē kǔ

Hits in:

  • 大般涅槃経 Dà Bān Nièpán Jīng, Nirvana-Sutra, महायान महापरिनिर्वाण सूत्र Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
  • 大方等大集经 Mahāvaipulya mahāsamghāta sūtra
  • 阿摩晝經 Ambattha Sutta
  • 雜阿含經 Saṃyuktāgama Sutta
  • 大般若波羅蜜多經, 大般若經, महामहाभारतसूत्र Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra
    • encyclopedic collection of Prajnaparamita texts, usually attributed to Nagarjuna, translated into Chinese by Xuanzang and his assistants.
  • 勝天王般若波羅蜜經 ???
    • p. 14 作是思惟。諸受皆苦。顛倒眾生妄起樂相。凡夫愚癡以苦為樂。聖人但說一切皆苦。 https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/sutra/chi_pdf/sutra3/T08n0231.pdf
  • 大寶積經 dàbǎojī jīng, Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra, Tib. dam-chos dkon-mchog-brtsegs-pa
    • an ancient collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist sūtras. It is also known simply as Ratnakūṭa Sūtra (寶積經), literally the Sutra of the Heap of Jewels in Sanskrit (kūṭa means ‘accumulation’ or ‘heap’).
  • 大智度論 Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra;Great Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom
  • 瑜伽師地論 Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, „Discourse on the Stages of Yogic Practice“
  • 大乘阿毘達磨雜集論, Abhidharma-samuccaya, Mahāyānābhidharma-samuccaya, Compendium of Abhidharma
  • 僧伽羅刹所集經 Saṃgharakṣa ???
  • 成實論, Satyasiddhi-sastra

Mention in Smaller Sutras and Collections:

  • 大哀經 ???
  • 阿差末菩薩經 ???
  • 説無垢稱經 ???
  • 佛説海龍王説法印經 ???
  • 禪法要解 Chan fa yao jie
    • author: Kumārajīva
  • 大乘寶雲經 ???
  • 佛説寶雨經
    • https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&res=80554&remap=gb
  • 正法念處經 ???
  • 菩薩瓔珞本業經 ???
  • 佛地經論 ???
  • 優婆塞戒經 ???

Alternative Chinese

  • 人生一切皆苦
  • 出產之時有苦,名為生苦。 (Definition 生苦 shengku)
  • 苦集灭道 kǔ jí miè dào (Baidu)
    •     the Four Noble Truths (Budd.), namely: all life is suffering 苦 / , the cause of suffering is desire 集 / , emancipation comes only by eliminating passions 滅 / |灭 / , the way 道 /
  • Definition of 苦ku

 

Context

  • sarva samskara anitya, sarva samskara dukkha, sarva dharma anatman : All conditioning is inconstant, all conditioning is painful, all phenomena are not-self.
  • Tri-Lakshana : sarva-dukha ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence

 

Tibetan

འདུ་བྱེད་ཐམས་ཅད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ (Source)

  • TRANSLITERATION: du byed thams cad sdug bsngal ba/
  • TRANSCRIPTION: dujé tamché dukngelwa

False Translations

Sanksrit

जीवनं कष्टमयं अस्ति = „Life is suffering“

  • जीवनं jīvanaṁ = ??? some form of जीवन jīvana
  • जीवन jīvana = life
  • कष्टमयं kaṣṭamayaṁ = ??? some form of कष्टम् kaṣhṭam
  • कष्टम् kaṣhṭam = m. akk. evil, difficulty, trouble, misery, suffering, hardship
  • अस्ति asti = to be

-> Result: This sentence is obviously grammatically wrong and could not be traced back. It is not a sentence found in Buddhist canon.

 

sarva-saṃskārā duḥkhāḥ = „All [life] is suffering“

  • सर्व sárva = all
  • संस्कार saṃskāra N; m / संस्काराः saṃskārāḥ Nom. Pl. ? = purification, sacrament, impression, putting together, accomplishment, training, preparation, forming the mind, adornment
    •  „mental formations“, „impulses“, „volition“, or „compositional factors“ (Skt. samskāra, Pāli saṅkhāra, Tib. ‚du-byed): all types of mental habits, thoughts, ideas, opinions, prejudices, compulsions, and decisions triggered by an object (Sutta Pitaka of the Pali Canon- contains the teachings of the Buddha, as preserved by the Theravada tradition. Section: The five skandhas)
  • दुःख duḥkh N; m = sorrow, grief, sadness, suffering, distress
  • My sentence: ??? सर्व संस्कार दुःख ???

-> Result: My transliteration is obviously wrong, the source might be wrong. Tracing back was possible but produced no satisfactory results.

 

Sources

人有四癡,常著四顛倒:
一者、萬物非常,自以為常;
二者、天下皆苦,人持作樂;
三者、天下空,人以為有;
四者、身非身,不可保 (Source)

https://www.dhalbi.org/publ/journ7/zcl_j7.pdf

https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT/T1579_,30,0775a24:1579_,30,0775b24.html

T1579_.30.0775a26: 熱惱等法。由是因縁一切皆苦。此即依先

Void Interests

Today I want to collect my „special“ interests, ie. all topics I seek refugee in when I feel down (no particular order).

  • cats and animal behavior
  • marine science
  • hair: hair-braiding, hair-growth, hair blogs,…
  • make-up techniques, beauty vlogs
  • dolls and doll-making
  • corsets, corsetry and corset-making, also related topics such as waist training
  • lingerie and lingerie-making
  • psychology
  • reading comics, web-comics, and theses/theories on comics.
  • thanatology (sciences of death)
  • jewelery and metalworks, especially gold
  • east asian politics/ news
  • calligraphy
  • memes
  • cartoons

Hmm… I’d say most of those are related to beauty, animals, psychology and the 9th art… and all topics seem very girly to me… interesting. I never considered myself being fond of „girly“ stuff.

Tea Questionnaire

So, huh, I stole this questionnaire from MarshalN’s Blog.

1) First, let’s start with how you were introduced & fell in love with the wonderful beverage of tea.

Introduction: Huh… well… I guess that came pretty natural. My mom and grandmother both drank/drink tea on an everyday basis. Mostly herbal teas. My mom also made hair rinses for me from camomille tea when I was younger.

Love: Probably when I was around 16, and went to the UK by myself for the first time. Became addicted to milk tea. After that, I went through a dangerous green tea phase with my love for Japan, and thus, cheap matcha blends. Ahem. Don’t imitate that, kids. Start with the good stuff!

2) What was the very first tea blend that you ever tried?

That must have been some herbal tea blend, coming from my loving hippie mom. 🙂

3) When did you start your tea blog & what was your hope for creating it?

I started this blog with the intention to randomly also chat about tea, in 2009. I did not disappoint myself- I rarely post, and of those few posts, a few are touching tea topics. Haha. Seriously, I should clean this up sometime, and also make some use of all those teacomentaries (domentary + tea + commentary, get it?) I collected offline& on facebook…

4) List one thing most rewarding about your blog & one thing most discouraging.

Rewarding: It’s… something.

Discouraging: It’s not really a feast on the eyes.

5) What type of tea are you most likely to be caught sipping on?

Hmm, most likely, as in: the kind of tea I drink most- would be herbal tea. Thanks mom!

6) Favourite tea latte to indulge in?

Oh god, this is awkward… yeah. CHEAP MATCHA LATTE. From Starbucks, of all chains. Also, I sometimes drink Sweetened Oolong Milk Bubble Tea. Heresy!

7) Favourite treat to pair with your tea?

Isn’t a good and rich tea treat enough?

8) If there was one place in the world that you could explore the tea culture at, where would it be & why?

I must say China/Taiwan, for I did not yet fully explore the tea culture there just yet.

9) Any tea time rituals you have that you’d like to share?

I do have certain cups/bowls I prefer, and will go at ridiculous lenghts to drink from especially those. I also enjoy to eat the wet tea leafs from teas I meet for the first time.

10) Time of day you enjoy drinking tea the most: Morning, Noon, Night or Anytime?

Anytime, really.

11) What’s one thing you wish for tea in the future?

Tea in general? I hope that it does not become as much of a fancy schmancy product as coffee became. I’m afraid of tea-chains opening up, I already detest the idea of those „individualize your tea blend“ webpages…

Resumee/ my scientific work

For the sake of learning from old mistakes and also some selfsupport, I printed out all my old presentations, papers, and everything that either went on print or got a mark or feedback of some sort.

I was quite astonished I only wrote 8 papers- with 7 papers in 3 years (2009-2012)- and held at least 20 presentations in 6 years (2006-2012). Per annum, that makes about 1 paper and 3 presentations starting from 2006 where I began my studies.

What also astonished me is that I always thought my strenght really were the presentations. But most of those (including the handouts) were awful, most PPP were made last-minute in the night before, and from my point of view as of today, really not convincing although I remember I put a lot of effort in preparations.
My typical presentation took about a month of preparation where I would read something on topic nearly every day for 2 weeks because I was so excited about it. Then I paused for a week where I did nothing but surfing on facebook, having a bad conscience and pondering about the questions I stumbled upon in my research. A few days before I had to hold the presentation, my bad conscience became almost unbearable and I was procrastinating like a maniac. Only one or two days left to Day X, I did the handout- when I managed that, I was feeling like the best prepared student in the world. Sometimes I did not even manage to do that but did the PPP and the handout in one rush.
The PPP I almost exclusively did the night before, in a nightshift. I remember being tired during almost all my presentation, and often did not sleep at all. Sometimes I had a „break through moment“ just that night, which pushed me further and made me feel I my reasearch was fruitful and the work payed off. I also was super excited every time, and eager to present my results. I also remember I often had the feeling nobody else found the topic I talked about as exciting as I did, and maybe even the professor did not get my point. My presentation marks, at least the ones I remember, weren’t really perfect. Sometimes I got the best mark, but often enough, it was average or even below. Often, was extremely disappointed when the show was finally over and I was alone again.
Nevertheless, during all the years, I was convinced my strenght really were those presentations and talking in front of others. I took every chance I had, and I was very positive until the moment it was over.
Now I realize, that this is not true and the image of myself I created and believed in was quite wrong. I do see progress in my presentation work, although it is quite little and the „input stress/output feedback“ bill really never payed off in my favor. The only good thing I have to say is that I realized even back in middle school that group work wasn’t my cuppa so I avoided that completely whenever possible- with only less a handful of exceptions which all failed miserably.

When taking a look at my papers, on the other hand, a complete different picture appears. I took my time before I started writing stuff down and hand it in- I was incredibly insecure and ashamed of my work from the very first day, and I also started off with a bad experience. So, I studied for about three years until I finally decided I had to start writing papers or else I’ll never get a grade. I also felt confident enough to give it a try.

My very first paper in 2006 was de jure not a paper. It was just a few pages describing a work of art I had to do for one of the basic courses in Euro-American Art History. The task was to describe a picture the prof gave to us. I felt I could easily do that because in art class back in school, I got straight A’s and nothing else, so I wasn’t afraid and just started writing like I used to do in school. I got a below-average mark and my selfconscience was shattered. When I read it now, it’s kinda ridicolous and of course, not scientific at all. The prof was super nice and calmly explained to me her critic and gave me tips on how to improve. I remember the talk was quite long, and when I went home, I was extremely disappointed of myself. I also feared that this below-average mark would destroy my hope for a very good bachelor degree in the end, since every mark counts in. This led to my fear of handing in papers, I guess.
After that, three years later, I took a course on Japanese Woodcut Printing focussing on prints of Kabuki actors (those are called yakusha-e). The prof said she wanted to gather a little brochure on the Kabuki Juhachiban („18 Grand Plays of Kabuki theatre“) and thus, we were each given one of those 18. I remember I did not have any clue about the Juhachiban or Kabuki at all at that point, and merely picked Kan U because I kinda liked the sound. The prof said to me, “ Oh, watch out, this is the most difficult one to gather information because it’s the most unusual one- do you still want to take that one?“- so I guess she touched my weak spot being my pride, and I insisted on taking Kan U. The task was to write a one-pager, just giving a quick overview about the play, main theme, figure and providing one randomly chosen yakusha-e of that Juhachiban play. So again, this was technically not a paper. I worked 6 months on the paper, and it turned out 14 pages. My prof did not refuse it and was quite thrilled. She praised me and I got the best mark. The brochure never went on print or something, but there is that little free-to-copy folder now sitting in our library in the handset section.
I did 6 pages for a book and my first article in print after that, while at the same time re-gaining trust in my own work and self again. For several times, I proved to myself: I could do better than below-average! I still feel proud about everything I did after that very first blooper, because I am convinced I can work scientifically and I also enjoy it, and I don’t think there is any point in hiding those facts. So I guess you could say I really shyed away from taking the task of handing in a standard paper, and still was very, very insecure.

My very first standart paper then came finally in 2010. This is mere 3 years ago! It was 14 pages (apprendix and tables +5 pages), and I did it for a course I took one year before I handed in the paper. You could say my research took half a year, or maybe a year if you count the time I took the course in. The prof was the same as the one where I handed in the one about Kan U, and I considered it safe play since she was already convinced I did good work before I even wrote down the first word. The paper was touching the yakusha-e subject again, but this time, I focussed on the tiny censor’s seals. She said I should give a general overview on the subject and write something like a wiki article, kinda sorting the information I gathered and just putting it down in one place for good. I thought this might not be enough. I remember I struggled quite a lot and put endless hours in research. Not only I xeroxed all the metres of book I gathered to collect it in a huge folder, but I also dragged that huge folder with me when I went on vacation with my boyfriend to Egypt. So I sat there on the sundeck of a cruising boat in Egypt, surrounded by opportunities for leisure, reading in that folder, cursing probably all the authors I read and also myself. But not enough- since I booked vacations long ago, and did not manage to finish all in Egypt, I again took that (now quite colourful and newly organized) folder a second time with me when I went off for a second holiday a few weeks later, to the UK. Luckily, I was visiting friends of my parents, where my dad’s old friend became a writer/journalist of some sort. So the family was probably used to the war I fought with myself, and quiet people angrily staring at screens and typing in the living-room. Since I was provided with fresh air, a dog, lush green english meadows around to stroll in, and plenty of milk-tea, the anger soon vanished and I felt very productive. During the week I stayed, I managed to finish my paper early with even some time left for real vacation. I did a very good job, got a very good mark, and I can still read that paper without shame, heck, I even used it to check a few things later since I provided useful tables which made dating the seals real easy. More than that, I had a „beak-through“ moment and made some remarks that I would still consider genuine scientific work. Again, I really did accomplish something.
Coming to a conclusion, the effort I took for my papers did pay off well, but I (still) do not see that. Although I was and still am proud of the results- I always felt very ashamed about all my papers, for several reasons.

  • I still don’t think I write well enough, or got a special talent for writing. I tend to shift styles. Writing it down merely a tool for sharing my ideas with others, at least that’s what I think. It just happens to be the only one where I more likely can develop a point of view, build up an argumentation, and sometimes even get it through to others.
  • It always was such a struggle, with me sweating blood and ink, from the moment I said, „yeah I’m gonna write about that, that is so awesome“ to the moment I finally hand it in.
  • It takes me a long time to get to a point where I think the paper is „ready and worthy“ to hand it in.
  • Also, I never worked less than 6 months (except the very first try) on one paper. This is such a long time! I’m so slow!
  • I never handed in a paper in time. I feel and felt ashamed about that. I feel like a traitor to others, since I still got excellent marks.
  • When I compare my work flow to other students (yeah I know I shouldn’t but what can I do, the profs are also encouraging that competition, which I hate), I feel awkward and slow.
  • Even though I (and some profs) know my papers are exceptionally good, I feel that I cannot share my papers or even my work in progress with other students. I stand out, thus I am alone. When others read my work, they either alienated me because they were envious or because they thought I was a crazy-obsessed nerd-bitch, or maybe both.
  • My point of argumentation is often somewhat… new, or at least unusual. I often disagree with the „common“ point of view on a subject. I fear others might disagree and/or cannot intelectually follow my argumentation. I work hard on making all my argumentations bulletproof, but this still won’t protect me from trolling, envy, and blunt stupidity.

Put all those points together, and what have you got? The hermit. It’s all about feedback, I guess. The presentations weren’t as good as my papers, but at least I got some kind of instant reaction, so I felt pretty good about that. I also had the feeling I could work with the remarks, like it really helped me improving (when in reality, it never really did). Whereas with the papers, it was all me. I could only „talk“ with my books, and those books won’t give me any support or points to work with. I also knew the moment I sent the paper to the prof: „well, again an exceptionally good paper, yawn…“. Because I already knew my arguments were bulletproof, I worked hard on crosschecking every statement, I put a lot of work into detail, I tried making the paper layout beautiful and easy to read, and before I was not 200% satiesfied, I would just not hand in that paper– so the moment I did know it was ready to hand in, everything below very good was just not to be expected. The presentations on the other hand, were always a rollercoaster-ride, I never knew what kind of reaction I would get. Secretly, I might have enjoyed that thrill.
For the future,

  • I should learn how to further enjoy the quiet work alone, and how to genuinely praise myself before I hand in that paper: I want to work on how to be proud of my hard work and not only be proud of the result that hard work is producing.
  • I should stop putting myself down for working slow, because it obviously does not matter in the long run. It’s perfect I’m doing something, and I don’t want to see myself in a race for grades. This is about improving myself, not grades. I’m working fine the way I do. I’m successful on long-term projects.
  • I also should accept I am 100% introvert, no matter how much I act and try to convince myself from other. It’s just no use fighting myself, and I should focus on working how to improve my real strenghts.